Terminal Console Text Edit For Mac Os
The problem with: open -e or open -a TextEdit is that you have no control on the TextEdit.app modes: Plain Text or RichText. If you try to open an HTML file, TextEdit will open it in the Rich Text mode, not in the Plain Text mode, as expected. Then switching to the Plain Text mode will not show the HTML tags. I could not find a Terminal command to activate the Open option: Ignore rich text commands or the Preference setting: Display HTML files as HTML code instead of formatted text As far as I can see, even an osascript won't solve the case. This is unfortunate since TextEdit.app is the only text editor that is present for sure.
Also, the Terminal has a fair share of applications that run in text based mode, but maybe you wanted to edit a text file in the OS X GUI app TextWrangler rather than the text based nano or vim. JED is a popular Linux text editor that uses S-Lang library. This cross-platform tool is available for a variety of other platforms as well, including Unix, VMS, OS/2, BeOS, Windows, OpenVMS, etc.

Mac Os Terminal Commands
Not all Mac users have installed BBedit, TextMate, or any other third party editor and even less users have defined a 'default editor'.